Hadith Sahih Bukhari 1393

Ibn Khaldun’s Theory of Taxation and its Relevance Today

Figure 1: The imaginary portrait of Ibn Khaldun in a Tunisian 10 Dinar banknote. 1. Introduction Ibn Khaldun’s theory of taxation has been considered an original and one of his most important contributions to economic thought. It is his theory of taxation that has cemented his position in the history of economics. The present paper has a limited scope. It aims at an analytical study of this theory. It is only one aspect of Ibn Khaldun’s host of economic ideas. It also attempts to present empirical evidence that may support and strengthen his theory of taxation. Finally the paper examines its practicality and relevance today. But at the outset, as a background knowledge, it briefly presents Ibn Khaldun’s life sketch, introduces his most outstanding work the Muqaddimah and the economic ideas found in this work. Since Ibn Khaldun’s discussion of taxation is mixed with his discussion of expenditures of government at various stages, and they provide justification for taxation, this aspec

Kanzul Muttalib fee Manaqib Ali Ibne Abi Talib Alahissalam

1. QUBOOL-E-ISLAM ME AWWAL AUR NAMAZ PADHNE ME AWWAL 1. "Ek Ansari Shakhs Abu Hamza se riwayat karte hain ke maine Hazrat Zaid bin Arqam RadiAllahu Anhu ko farmate hue suna ke sabse pehle Hazrat Ali RadiAllahu Anhu Imaan laaye." Is Hadees ko Imam Tirmizi ne riwayat kiya hai aur kaha hai ke ye Hadees Hasan Saheeh hai. 2. "Hazrat Zaid bin Arqam RadiAllahu Anhu se he marvi ek riwayat me ye alfaaz hain: "Huzoor Nabi-e-Akram SallAllahu Alaihi wa Aalihi wa Sallam par sabse pehle Islam laane waale Hazrat Ali RadiAllahu Anhu hain." Is Hadees ki Imam Ahmed bin Hanbal ne riwayat kiya hai. 3. "Hazrat Anas bin Maalik RadiAllahu Anhu se riwayat hai ke Peer ke din Huzoor Nabi-e-Akram SallAllahu Alaihi wa Aalihi wa Sallam ki Baysat hui aur Mangal ke din Hazrat Ali RadiAllahu Anhu ne Namaz padhi." Is Hadees ko Imam Tirmizi ne riwayat kiya hai. 4. "Hazrat Abdullah ibne Abbas RadiAllahu Anhuma se riwayat hai ke wo farmate hain sabse pehle Hazrat Ali RadiAl

Albucasis: A Landmark for Arabic and European Surgery

This article presents Abu'l-Qasim Khalaf ibn 'Abbas al-Zaharawi, Arabic أبو القاسم خلف بن عباس الزهراوي, Latin Albucasis (936-1013 A.D.), one on the most outstanding Arabic physicians and the most remarkable Arabic surgeon. His work had a strong impact in middle ages. Greek-Roman surgery had almost ceased to be practiced, in the Western world, after Paul of Aegina (625-690 A.D.), the last Byzantine compiler. Albucasis took for himself the task of making of surgery an honorable art. He recovered ancient surgical texts from damaged scrolls, developed, expanded and refined Greek-Roman operations, adding his own pioneer techniques, procedures, and devising his own instruments. His clear and insightful teachings laid the foundations of accurate and safer surgical procedures that were adopted in the following centuries. Introduction Frontispiece of the Latin translation of Al-Zahrawi's (Albucasis') Kitab al-tasrif (Source) During Galen´s life (129-217 A.D.), magic and supern

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